https://journals3.library.oregonstate.edu/nat_history/issue/feed Bulletin of the Museum of Natural History, University of Oregon 2023-09-29T14:18:51-07:00 Edward Davis edavis@uoregon.edu Open Journal Systems <p>The Bulletin of the Museum of Natural History of the University of Oregon is published to increase the knowledge and understanding of the Natural History of Oregon.</p> https://journals3.library.oregonstate.edu/nat_history/article/view/6004 New mammutids (Proboscidea) from the Clarendonian and Hemphillian of Oregon – a survey of Mio-Pliocene mammutids from North America 2023-09-29T14:14:22-07:00 Wighart von Koenigswald koenigswald@uni-bonn.de Chris Widga cxw5766@psu.edu Ursula Göhlich ursula.goehlich@nhm-wien.ac.at <p>A survey of Miocene-Pliocene Mammutidae from North America is provided. Two important but undescribed specimens from Unity (Clarendonian) and Hermiston (Hemphillian) are reported, and a previously described mandible from Black Butte (Clarendonian) is revisited. The Unity specimen, a maxilla with a tusked longirostrine mandible, represents <em>Zygolophodon proavus</em>. Upper and lower tusks are well developed. Mammutid species are best characterized by traits of the mandible, the upper tusks and lower and upper dentitions. However, they are rarely preserved in a single individual, as in the Unity specimen. A second mammutid mandible from the nearby, stratigraphically similar Black Butte locality has a short, tuskless symphysis and was described as “<em>Mammut</em> (<em>Pliomastodon) furlongi". </em>We question the independence of this species, because both types of mandibles are coeval in several Eurasian localities. The widespread geographic and stratigraphic co-occurrence of different mandible types cannot be explained through a phylogenetic model alone. Therefore, we discuss whether these parallel mammutid occurrences can be interpreted as resulting from species diversity, intraspecific variability, pathological abnormities, or as a sex-linked morphological difference.</p> <p>The Hermiston maxilla from the upper Hemphillian represents <em>Mammut matthewi</em>. The large upper tusk differs from <em>Z. proavus.</em> The morphology of the mandible, however, remains unknown, thus its precise evolutionary stage is uncertain. The maxillary molars of the Hermiston specimen are larger than in <em>Z. proavus </em>however, we observe a high degree of variability in the size of mammutid molars so this character alone is not indicative of a specific evolutionary stage.</p> <p>The relatively small number of localities with informative specimens and the conservative dental morphology of mammutids throughout the Miocene and Pliocene obscures the potential occurrence of synchronous North American taxa. Our results favor the interpretation of a continuous and endemic evolution from <em>Zygolophodon</em> to <em>Mammut</em> and make an independent immigration of the genus <em>Mammut</em> from Eurasia less probable. Therefore, the genus name <em>Mammut</em> should be avoided for Eurasian mammutids.</p> 2023-11-02T00:00:00-07:00 Copyright (c) 2023 Bulletin of the Museum of Natural History, University of Oregon